These difficulties can be explained by the fact that previous studies have relied on efficacy measures that have inherent limitations and have been analyzed using statistical approaches that ignored episodes of clinical deterioration.
Economic models comparing RCHOP to CHOP have found RCHOP to be either a dominant strategy [ 11], or a cost-effective alternative to CHOP [ 12– 15], but these models have relied on efficacy findings from RCTs and required assumptions regarding resource use since economic data were not prospectively collected.
WAMPAC systems rely on the efficacy of primary and secondary plant in substations at all voltage levels.
12 Comparative dosing charts among ICS have been proposed, (eg, by an expert panel) 49 and they rely on comparative efficacy trials in vitro.
While calls for greater engagement in the research process are often value based and therefore do not rely on demonstrating efficacy, data on the relative success of different methods would be valuable and research documenting impact would be important.
The Global Fund's annual Results Report calculate number of lives saved using models that rely on the efficacy of financed goods such as antiretroviral therapy (ART) to translate service delivery outputs into mortality benefits [ 7].
Thus, an individual's metacognitive ability may be partially separable from perceptual processing (Sandberg, Timmermans, Overggard, & Cleeremans, 2010), and may additionally rely on the efficacy of response monitoring mechanisms (Yeung, Botvinick, & Cohen, 2004).
Healthcare workers usually rely on the efficacy claims provided by the manufacturer but even more on positive lists provided by infection control societies such as the VAH in Germany (Association for Applied Hygiene) [ 2], the ÖGHMP in Austria (Austrian Society for Hygiene, Microbiology and Preventive Medicine) [ 3] or the SFHH in France (French Society for Hospital Hygiene) [ 4].
Finally, the results of these studies suggest that we should re-evaluate some of the cancer research models, for example, cell lines of metastatic origin (which largely exclude genomic evolution at distant sites) and preclinical models (which usually rely on the efficacy of drugs on primary tumors).
At Pfizer, we're relying on small efficacy studies earlier in the development process to help us make decisions about a compound's fate sooner.
