They are people who cannot afford homes in the new town, even with government relocation subsidies.
The policy implications are that governments could adopt pro-growth inequality-reducing policies using targeted infrastructural investments, relocation subsidies, or income redistribution mechanisms.
Politicians like to wave their hands and talk about job retraining or relocation subsidies, and maybe those are the best we can do, but their track record isn't great.
The UK's National Teaching Service is offering relocation subsidies of up to £10,000, which is a great start, but other potentially persuasive benefits, such as allowances for travelling home and retention renumeration for staying beyond the three-year programme, aren't included.
Business relocation subsidies are a crazy, useless program embraced equally by both parties.
The net effect in baseball is the same as it is in every other industry: Relocation subsidies, when everyone is playing the game, do nothing to substantially affect the location of jobs and businesses, but rather just transfer taxpayer money to business owners and workers.
As a result, the country's most competitive urban industries are systematically fragmented, wages are bid down and public resources for essential services like education are used to pay for business-relocation subsidies.
A housing subsidy or relocation grant might make more sense, he added.
"So when we got a call asking what the city and developer could do to bring us back, we jumped at the offer". The rent subsidies and relocation funds offered to Ms. Simon and her business partner Nan Rael, who will maintain their other store in Bethesda, is part of a $10 million package set aside five years ago to help merchants relocate when the malls were razed.
