There is no data on relocation distances in these species, but only on proportion of relocating colonies throughout the season [ 21].
The material handling and machine relocation distances between each pair of locations are shown in Tables 13 and 14, respectively.
Therefore and owing to the inefficient recruitment of the ants, the relocation distances are probably short, so competition, parasitism risk and the spatial pattern should not change much following relocations.
You hear of schooling disrupted, jobs lost, support networks broken and relocation putting impossible distances between friends and relatives.
It took a little distance – a relocation to New York, in fact – to find the perspective Butterworth needed to write this tale of identity and nationhood and belonging, set in a fictional Wiltshire village on St George's Day.
(G_m) Relocation cost per unit distance for machine (m).
Sense of place provides a new perspective for understanding farming households' relocation behaviors (relocation willingness, distance, time, return), and can provide a basis for the development of corresponding policies.
Under the assumption that relocation costs increase with distance, this is an empirical proxy for parameter t in the theoretical model.
