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We used these data to address several specific aims: (i) to obtain a reliable time scale for the origin and evolution of the genus Carabus and discuss the obtained rates of molecular evolution with those reported in other studies, and most critically (ii) to evaluate the effect of methodological decisions relative to calibration analyses in the resulting calibrated phylogenies.
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Recent technical advances in the molecular estimation of divergence times have provided molecular evolutionists with promising tools to introduce reliable time scales to molecular phylogenetic trees [ 1].
In sum, after a careful analysis of the EVE data, we could not find any clear examples that could provide a reliable time-scale of viral evolution.
In conclusion, the stochastic immune response model emphasizes the importance of elaborate IgG pooling in order to achieve a highly homogeneous IgG shape space distribution for the reliable clearance of infections on a reasonable time scale.
Scaling by significance gives reliable time points more visual emphasis and suppresses noisy expression ratios (Fig. 1A).
Portable instruments are now available which enable reliable in situ measurement of formaldehyde on a time scale of seconds.
Responses to mustelid predation are expected to be observed on a short time scale because predator odour is a reliable sign of predator presence [ 27].
Time scale and high demand for robust and reliable initial results are vital for medical research.
The modified Thiele modulus formulation reveals the time scale for the switch over, as well as giving a reliable prediction for the time scale for 99% conversion based on the switch time identified from the irreversible theory.
This allows a reliable description of the gradient of similarity, revealing the way these microbes change in the short to medium time scale in a marine planktonic habitat.
(See the geologic time scale).
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CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com