Sentence examples for reliable substitution from inspiring English sources
Thus, there is no reliable substitution rate applicable to the genus Nothobranchius.
Accurate alignment of protein sequences is critical in obtaining reliable amino acid substitution frequencies required for computing substitution matrices.
Reliable estimation of substitution rates from short sequences (e.g. 10Kb viral genomes) requires a substantial degree of sequence diversity, which may require millions of years to accumulate in vertebrates or plants.
The genome pairs represent eight bacterial phyla and include strains or species that are sufficiently closely related to obtain unambiguous sequence alignments and reliable estimates of substitution rate.
The use of two calibration points has previously been shown to provide more reliable estimates of PTLV substitution rates and divergence dates than a single calibration date.
These results also suggest that acquisitions of reliable synonymous and nonsynonymous substitution rates primarily depend on less biased estimates of transition/transversion rate ratio.
Derivatives bearing substitutions allowing reliable access to radiolabeling were designed, focusing on Y1 binding affinity and lipophilicity.
While any sequencing method can be employed for BS-Seq, the Applied Biosystems SOLiD System is attractive for this application because it is designed around the reliable detection of nucleotide substitutions.
Detecting indels was not as reliable as detecting base substitutions due to difficulty in sequencing homopolymer regions; sequencing accuracy of homopolymers falls to 97 % at homopolymer stretches of five or more base pairs [ 21].
In our view the evidence is too poorly defined and heterogeneous to derive reliable conclusions on any sucrose substitution except that with starch.
The upshot of these and many other studies is that instead of using cytochrome c simplistically as a molecular clock assumed to have a fixed substitution rate, other more reliable timing mechanisms have been used to link the variable substitution rate of cytochrome c to its structure and function and to particular episodes in primate evolution.
