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On the other hand, QbE STD can be also employed for building language-independent STD systems [7, 8], which is mandatory when no or very limited training data are available to build a reliable speech recognition system, since a priori knowledge of the language involved in the speech data is not necessary.
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Features that represent the harmonic structure are reliable indicators for speech.
Future research in this field should employ standardized and reliable evaluation of speech and swallowing outcomes using multiple modalities in well-designed cohort studies with longer follow-up.
In that case, one of the band-limited envelopes may be less disturbed by the noise and provide more reliable information for speech pause decision.
Kane and Gobl [65] demonstrated that voice quality variation has a significant effect on the accuracy of GCI detection, which is critical for correct glottal inverse filtering, but their data suggested that the SEDREAMS method used here is reliable enough for speech analysis, despite voice quality variation.
DTI is of clinical importance presurgically in human medicine to plan function-preserving surgery by saving motor and speech reliable areas of the brain [ 14].
Historically, the absence of reliable acoustic cues to speech sound identification led researchers to suggest that speech is understood by reference to the intended motor gestures of the speaker (Studdert-Kennedy et al. 1970; Liberman and Whalen 2000).
Valid and reliable methods for assessing speech perception in toddlers are lacking in the field, leading to conspicuous gaps in understanding how speech perception develops and limited clinical tools for assessing sensory aid benefit in toddlers.
The major challenges that AV-ASR has to face are, therefore, the definition of reliable visual features for speech recognition and the integration of the audio and visual cues when taking decisions about the speech classes.
One recent former editor of a Scottish title says: "Scotland is in danger of becoming the first modern democracy without reliable organs of free speech".
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Since I tried Ludwig back in 2017, I have been constantly using it in both editing and translation. Ever since, I suggest it to my translators at ProSciEditing.

Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com