And we discuss that uncertainty as if it were entirely about microeconomic unknowns: which banks held which securities, what mortgages were in which securities, and how much of the information used in origination (like household incomes) was reliable, for instance.
Modelling sum scores is appropriate if the sum scores are highly reliable (for instance because they are based on a large number of correlated items) and well validated.
Thus, in both instances, reliable indicators of non-functionality were sought in order to assign pseudogene status, notably frameshift mutations, premature stop codons and non-synonymous substitutions at otherwise conserved sites in the original coding region.
One important reason that might explain that the predictions of target mRNAs for differentially regulated miRNAs are not reliable in all instances is that one gene is normally subject to regulation by a cluster of miRNAs, from which certain miRNAs can be regulated in the opposite direction.
In the case of insects, for instance, reliable paleontological evidence is frequently lacking, which leads to applying a proposed standard rate of 2.3% divergence/My for the insect mitochondrial genome [ 2].
In some versions, the "object of application" stands out as a real, extra-mental particular considered to be the object that is likely to be acted upon at the outcome of a reliable cognition (for instance, a fire when perceiving a fire or when inferring that there is a fire on a hill as one perceives smoke on a hill).
Biome or forest type specific biomass models or carbon maps with higher spatial resolution can also provide estimates of carbon densities [22], that can be used as emissions factors that are more reliable than for instance the IPCC default values [23].
For instance, reliable measures of peri-natal and under-5 mortality at the health-district level are of critical importance in planning and providing for maternal and child health services.
Unfortunately, for large-scale population studies, this method offers insufficient throughput capacity, but it is a very useful and reliable technique, for instance, in studies on a limited number of candidate genes for adaptation (e.g., Pavli et al. 2011; Prins et al. 2011).
