If the actual reliability is smaller than the efficient reliability, the power can be increased with a fixed budget by increasing the reliability that is, using more measurements with fewer subjects.
Although internal validity is similar for all the questionnaires and differences in correlation and reliability are small, COM is less reliable than NDI, and its correlations with all the other scales and questionnaires are lower than those for both NDI and NPQ.
Reliability measures (consistency and test-retest stability) were found to be good across countries, although the sample size for test-retest reliability was small.
Cronbach's alpha is to examine the reliability, and if the value greater than 0.7 it is considered as a high reliability; if the value is smaller than 0.35, the reliability is low [26].
In the primary instances with lower reliability, the improvement is small, but in the next instances, the improvement becomes larger.
Thus, over all personality dimensions and all three estimation approaches, 75% of all values have a consistency-based single-item reliability which is smaller than the recommended cutoff value for a multi-item measure as suggested by Peterson (1994).
On the other hand, if ε is small, the reliability of the transmissions is high but the instantaneous transmission rate is low.
For instance, if the effect of age on a morphological measure is small, poorer reliability may make the effect difficult to detect due to noise in the measure.
That means, when is small, the reliability of the channels from sources to destinations has little impact on the transmission bandwidth of the proposed protocol.
From Figure 4, it can be seen that the normalized energy consumption of TPNC is much lower than those of MPNC and VBF-NC because fewer redundant packets are used by TPNC to guarantee the transmission reliability when the distance between nodes is small.
