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The remaining papers were appraised using relevant appraisal checklists for the type of study under consideration, following which 16 papers were excluded.
Our study provides a relevant appraisal of the use and the diagnostic efficiency of LP in an EMD setting.
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The relevant appraisals are summarized in Fig. 7.
The quality of all the included studies was assessed using a modified version of the Hamilton quality assessment tool (web table B). 12 Models that assessed economic impact were appraised with additional questions recommended by experts, because no relevant critical appraisal framework could be identified (web table C).
For the RSA studies, we modified the AQUILA score by removing items that were not considered relevant for appraisal of early migration: long-term follow-up and revision assessment.
The quality of included studies was assessed using the relevant CASP appraisal tools.
Studies were assessed using key quality criteria derived from relevant critical appraisal checklists for qualitative studies[ 20] and other systematic reviews of people's views[ 1, 2].
A total of 14 relevant guideline appraisal instruments were retrieved by the search process (see Additional file 1), which are described in Table 1.
> -wrap-foot> Fourteen peer-reviewed articles presenting empirical data were assessed by three researchers using the relevant Critical Appraisal Skills Programme (CASP) checklists to assess the methods and whether biases and confounders had been appropriately adjusted for.
Comparison with a control group of some nature was necessary for inclusion, and although most of the identified studies did consist of randomised or cluster randomised control trials, other designs were not excluded, and the relevant quality appraisal criteria for the different designs were used as appropriate (table 1).
Based on screening of titles and abstracts, 268 records were eligible for detailed examination of full-text publications; 44 of these were relevant for appraisal, but we excluded 27 for the reasons provided in Additional file 3. Twelve RCTs reported in 17 publications [ 18– 34] met the inclusion criteria.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com