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The relative amount of P contained in this manure is large, because pigs (and other nonruminants) lack the phytase [69] enzymatic system that releases P from phytic acid stored in cereals.
Liebersbach et al. [ 6] showed that HMW exudates can increase P availability for plants, probably because carboxyl groups of polysaccharides interact with P-binding sites in the soil, which releases P into the soil solution.
For example, the high P-uptake efficiency of pigeon pea is due to the exudation of piscidic acid [ 21], which is exuded in lower amounts than citrate but releases P more efficiently.
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Under tannase action, protocatechuic acid p-nitrophenyl ester, 5, releases p-nitrophenol, which is easily measured spectrophotometrically either at 350 nm for pH values<6 or at 400 nm for pH values of 6 7 (yellow).
The enzymatic hydrolysis of paraoxon releases p-nitrophenol, whose formation rate was determined by spectrophotometry.
Thus, LARP7 KD releases P-TEFb from the 7SK snRNP and redistributes it to the active SEC.
Typically, the activity of ALP is monitored using p-NPP as the substrate, which releases p-nitrophenol (p-NP) upon the enzymatic cleavage of the phosphate ester.
Release of SR protein from the 7SK snRNP, likely mediated by the transcribed nascent RNA, also releases P-TEFb, which may then associate with other subunits of the SEC to promote transcription elongation (Ji et al. 2013).
Here, we show that in noninvasive human breast cancer cells, disruption of this complex by knocking down LARP7 releases P-TEFb, redistributing it to the transcriptionally active SEC complex.
Recent works illustrated that HIV Tat protein releases P-TEFb from the 7SK snRNP through competitive binding with the emerging TAR element, and this release directs P-TEFb toward Pol II, resulting in the transition from Pol II pausing to elongation.
After preincubation with three isolated polysaccharides, RAW264.7 cells viability were significantly restored and decreased in cellular LDH release (P < 0.05).
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