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Energy stored in ATP may be released upon hydrolysis of the anhydride bonds.
The product p-nitroaniline (p-NA) is released upon hydrolysis of AcApNA and its absorbance measured at 405 nm.
The thioester is further reduced by glutaredoxin and glutathione, producing a Cys12 S AsIII intermediate, from which arsenite is released upon hydrolysis.
To demonstrate hydrolytic cleavage of degradable cross-links, a self-reporting cross-linking system was utilized, having a UV vis reporter unit that was released upon hydrolysis of acetal linkages.
Phosphate released upon hydrolysis of NTPs indeed depended on the presence of SAM and the most favorable NTP substrate was ATP, with decreasing rate of hydrolysis of other substrates in the order of GTP > CTP > UTP in the presence of SAM.
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Convincing evidence, obtained by HPLC with fluorescence detection of BaP tetraols released upon acid hydrolysis, clearly demonstrates the presence of BPDE-N2-dG in some samples of human pulmonary DNA (Rojas et al., 1998; Kriek et al., 1998).
In brief, binding of the ATP involving conserved Arg residues forming a 'basic clamp' brings NTD and CTD from one subunit closer together (a 'closure' stage later released upon ATP hydrolysis), driving a 'swinging' motion of the neighbouring subunit CTD with some residues moving tens of Å (Satyshur et al., 2007; Reindl et al., 2013).
Cdc48/p97 is widely believed to function as a 'segregase' that uses the free energy released upon ATP hydrolysis to remodel ubiquitinated substrate complexes, usually, but not always, as a prelude to their degradation by the 26S proteasome (Jentsch and Rumpf, 2007).
Acetic acid can be released upon solubilization and hydrolysis of hemicellulose during chemical pretreatment (Palmqvist et al. 1999).
GYY4137, a water-soluble derivative of Lawesson׳s reagent, could also release H2S upon hydrolysis.
Lawesson׳s reagent, which is widely used for sulfurization in organic synthesis, also releases H2S upon hydrolysis, and it has been used as a H2S donor in some studies.
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