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Apoptosis-induced reduction in cell volume is known to occur via a number of mechanisms including membrane loss through release of blebs to apoptotic bodies (membrane-enclosed apoptotic cell-derived material, particles also known as microparticles).
In SLE patients, several abnormalities have been found that can result in decreased clearance of apoptotic cells and the release of blebs and chromatin, such as complement defects [ 17], low levels of the pentraxin C-reactive protein [ 18], and reduced levels and activity of DNase I in serum [ 19].
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One previously described mechanism for cross-presentation of Mtb antigens in the context of CD8+ T cells is through release of apoptotic blebs.
However, during MTX-induced cytolysis, as indicated by the release of LDH, the membrane blebs actually exhibit a dramatic increase in diameter.
Transmission electron microscopy confirmed the presence of membrane blebs and the release of intact OMVs by B. thetaiotaomicron.
The orthopyroxene hosts varying abundances of blebs of augite.
Up to now, the mechanism of the formation of blebs is not investigated yet.
Interestingly, the videos show several examples of blebs forming on the surface of pre-existing blebs during the dilation phase.
(A ) A graph showing the percentage of blebs forming relative to filopodia position (without filopodia = no filopodia on top or immediately next to bleb; with filopodia = filopodia on top or immediately next to bleb).
Plasma membrane blebbing was highly dynamic under these cell culture conditions with a bleb cycle lasting about 2 min and the total number of blebs ranged from 60 to 100 blebs per cell depending on the MCF10A cell size.
In zebrafish prechordal plate mesendoderm progenitors, which migrate using a combination of blebs and lamellipodia, reducing membrane cortex attachment increases bleb formation [ 10 ].
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