Note that for large final elongations (panels B and C) there is actually a small cross-over, so that larger elongations are associated with smaller relaxation forces.
Importantly, at the end of our constant-speed ramps we observed a systematic cross-over of the force traces, so that faster elongations result in higher peak forces, but lower relaxation forces.
The affected area, load, elastic and plastic energies, and relaxation force increased with increasing indentation depth.
The load, elastic and plastic energies, and relaxation force decrease with increasing temperature.
The results show that the load, elastic and plastic energies, and relaxation force increased with increasing indentation depth and velocity.
If the values τij are different, there exists a resulting elastic relaxation force F, which causes the lattice displacement to reduce the energy of the system.
With a fast indentation, the graphene has insufficient time to respond, which leads to a high load, elastic and plastic energies, and relaxation force. .
With a fast indentation, the graphene has insufficient time to respond, which leads to a high load, elastic and plastic energies, and relaxation force.
In the case of a thinner LPL, only a small force is exerted on the top of the HPL, leading to a minimal relaxation force of strain in the HPL pores.
We examine the following muscle parameters: mass, cross-sectional area, force, twitch and tetanus relaxation, force-frequency relationships, fatiguability, force loss following eccentric contractions, and stiffness.
To assess mass, cross-sectional area, force, twitch and tetanus relaxation, force-frequency relationships, and fatiguability, we used a set of male and female 129/ReJ mice divided into two age groups: adult (2 6 months of age) and aged (20 22 months of age).
