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Global miRNA expression analysis was performed by Subramanian et al., which revealed that muscle-specific miRNAs (miR-1 and -133) were relatively downregulated in PRMS relative to normal skeletal muscle, and miR-335 was upregulated in ARMS relative to normal skeletal muscle [ 24]. miR-335 resides in intron 2 of MEST, which has been indicated to play a role in muscle differentiation.
Of the total, 98 genes were relatively upregulated in the responder group and 63 genes were relatively downregulated.
Among the drug perturbation-related gene sets, 'imatinib (PC3)_Up' showed downregulation in TKI-resistant sublines (that is, the upregulated genes in the imatinib-treated in vitro PC3 cell line are relatively downregulated in our TKI-resistant K562 sublines).
On the other hand, complement factor H (Ctf) and prosaposin (Psap) are relatively downregulated in ROP- Os/+ kidneys, similar to observations in membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis (MPGN) and tubular damage [ 73, 74].
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Genes involved in metabolic processes, cell cycle regulation, transcription and cell growth were upregulated.. Relatively few downregulated genes were detected, those that were related primarily to metabolism.. Several genes from each category were chosen for further analysis as shown in Figure 6.
PDTC had 92 downregulated genes relatively to normal tissues (Supplementary Table 2), but only 15 out of the 107 genes differentially expressed were over-expressed (Table 1).
Consistent with this hypothesis, we find that the downregulated proteins are relatively unstable and have relatively higher molecular weights (fig. 3 B and C).
Distribution of these classes varied from chromosome to chromosome but in all cases strongly downregulated genes were relatively infrequent.
In addition, proliferation activity was upregulated by SIRT1 treatment in idiopathic scoliosis samples with relatively nondegenerated tissues, and was downregulated in LDH and LSS samples with more degenerated IVD tissues.
(iv) We showed that BRCA1 is downregulated following exposure to relatively low mutagen doses, i.e, 50 µM of MMS or 10 J/m2 of UVC, where within the time frame of our analysis cell viability is not compromised and apoptosis is not induced.
In relatively long-lived species, telomerase is downregulated in most somatic cells, thought to have evolved as a mechanism to counteract an increased risk of tumour formation, particularly in endotherms [ 1].
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