Sentence examples for relative substitution from inspiring English sources

Relative substitution rates of non-synonymous and RNA gene substitutions were determined in respect of synonymous substitutions for 186 clades.

The correct evolutionary models of relative substitution probabilities, equilibrium state frequencies, and among-site rate variation were used unless otherwise noted.

The relative substitution rate and ancestral state of each alignment column was estimated using codeml [31] with the Whelan and Goldman WAGG) amino acid substitution rate matrix [32].

The relative substitution rate for a variable position v>1 indicates a substitution rate higher than that averaged for all sites in the 23S rRNA gene analyzed, while a conserved position had a relative substitution rate v<1; uncommon sites are positions occupied in <25% of organisms due to insertions.

A Dayhoff + γ + i model with 8 relative substitution rate categories was used [51] Equilibrium amino-acid frequencies, proportion of invariable sites and distribution shape were estimated from sequence data of each gene.

Relative substitution rate for each markers were estimated using a Bayesian approach [ 58].

Site-specific relative substitution rates were estimated using the SiteVarProt algorithm [ 23].

The evolutionary rates of the 1st + 2nd codon positions (mean relative substitution rate 1.39, 95% HPD: 1.18 1.40) were significantly higher than that of the 3rd codon position (mean relative substitution rate 0.39, 95% HPD: 0.19 0.64).

Lastly, it has been proposed that selection for translational fidelity is a major contributor to relative substitution rate [ 12].

In addition, the information content and the estimated relative substitution rates are printed for each alignment column i.

Overall, the relative substitution rates of the neobatrachian mt genes can be summarized as Natatanurans ≥ Afrobatrachians > Microhylidae ≈ non-ranoid neobatrachians.