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The fairness issues and the impact of relative penalty factors are discussed to provide guidelines for network planning.
Vertical inheritance is the default evolutionary process and its penalty score is 0. The relative penalty score for gene loss is assigned as 1.
For these penalties, relative penalty reductions were about 70% in Holstein and 64% in Normandy.
ρ = relative penalty reduction Table 2 presents the detailed results obtained for the Holstein breed.
These ratios correspond to the relative penalty reductions yielded by the optimised mating design after starting from random matings.
Next, we apply our combined node and edge deletion algorithm and use two settings for the alpha parameter controlling the relative penalty of node vs. edge deletion.
Similar(44)
Although larger parameter estimates are always more heavily penalized, methods that apply larger relative penalties on small parameter estimates and relatively lower penalties to larger estimates seem to perform better and more accurately estimate the effect size of the selected SNPs.
Moral issues are often decided by votes of the public or of elected officials: The relative penalties for different levels of offenses.
In this study, the highest affinity sequence was practically identical for all the proteins studied, but the relative penalties for nucleotide substitutions were different.
All putative genetic gains and losses reported in the results were estimated using the DELTRAN (delayed transformation) algorithm and relative penalties for gain and loss of 2 1 (i.e., gain/loss penalty = 2).
The inference was based on the DELTRAN algorithm, with relative penalties of 2 1 for HGTs and gene losses (Lercher and Pal 2008), as in a recent study (Gophna and Ofran 2011).
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