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3. The type of benefit-harm comparison metric: Researchers may use absolute and relative metrics as well as QALYs.
For calculating relative metrics, the additive metrics delay, hop count, and non-additive concave metric bandwidth are considered.
Relative metrics, by contrast, encourage an outward focus: To outdo competitors, executives must also study them closely and find ways to create differentiated positions.
Grow Your Share of Wallet," Harvard Business Review 89, no. 10 (October 2011): 29-31; T.L. Keiningham, L. Aksoy, A. De Keyser, B. Larivière, A. Buoye and Luke Williams, "It's Not Your Score That Matters: The Importance of Relative Metrics," chap.
Moreover, the usage of relative metrics does not provide an intuitive interpretation of parameters.
Since additive metrics have to be minimized for shortest paths, reciprocal values are used while calculating relative metrics.
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Across all trials, effect sizes are presented such that relative risk metrics <1.00 and mean difference metrics <0 mean that experimental intervention is better than control intervention.
Estimates and 95% confidence intervals recalculated for consistency across table: effect size was inverted (1/effect size) for relative risk metrics and was changed sign for mean difference metrics.
To achieve consistency across trials, we presented effect sizes in such a manner that relative risk metrics <1.00 and risk difference and mean difference metrics <0 indicate that the experimental intervention is better than the control intervention.
In particular, the lower relative height metrics were more sensitive to biomass (p10, p30, p40) than the higher height metrics.
In all three types of interaction the relative activity metrics for social groups yield values from 2 to over 10 times higher than for topical groups.
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