When the relative element content of the food (e.g., C P) is below the threshold elemental ratio (TER, the minimum level needed for somatic maintenance) of the consumer, there will be C in relative excess, and consumer C-use efficiency and growth rate will decrease even when food is abundant [ 13].
Data were provided as relative element intensities in counts per second (cps).
The Method of Moving Asymptotes (MMA) is used to update the topology design variables which is relative element densities.
The relative element composition ratio was determined by multiplex high-resolution scans over Ti 2p, O 1s, N 1s, S 2p, and F 1s spectral regions.
(e) The relative element signal intensity of Pb, Nd, and Cd in GC; the fit curve; and the calculated model curve of element Pb are presented for comparison; (f) The fit curve of relative element intensity ratio Pb/Nd in NCs and the calculated core-shell model curve are also shown.
where Y2 is the relative element intensity ratio Pb/Nd, R1 and R2 are the half sizes of the core-shell model and β-PbF2 nanocrystal respectively, and x is the length of the line scan.
It is suggested that, at high temperatures, the NiO grain boundaries act as easy-diffusion paths for Ce4+ ions and primarily affect the distribution of relative element in oxide.
With the deposition of Al2O3 film by PA-ALD, another peak at the binding energy of 74 eV, corresponding to the Al 2p, is found in Figure 7b, and the relative content of O 1s is elevated, both of which are confirmed by the relative element contents shown in Figure 7c.
Fig. 1 XRD patterns of MoS2/C multilayer nanospheres Fig. 2 TEM images of as-prepared MoS2/C (a) and annealed in Ar at 773 K (b) Fig. 3 SEM image of MoS2/C Table 1 The relative element contents received from EDS MoS2/C as-prepared, at.% MoS2/C after annealing, at.% Mo 15.8 ± 0.6 13.0 ± 0.6 S 27.0 ± 0.6 23.0 ± 0.5 C 46.8 ± 0.4 53.9 ± 0.5.
