The maturation hypothesis suggests that, especially in younger levels of competition, relative age differences lead to significant differences in height and weight between individuals of the same age cohort.
One caveat is that the mice used to generate these transcriptomic data sets were 3 6 months old (a time when mice are still growing), whereas the humans donors averaged ~55 years of age, meaning that some of the gene expression differences can be ascribed to relative age differences.
Relative age (age difference between the focal and the second individual) was included as a linear fixed effect, alongside relative horn type (difference between the focal and the second individual in ranked horn phenotype: polled=0; scurred=1; normal horned=2).
There were also close similarities in relation to age at initial diagnosis of cancer for patients and their first-degree relatives for age differences of ≤5 years (48/166, 28.9%), 6 10 years (34/166, 20.5%), and >11 years (84/166, 50.6%, P=0.12065).
At older ages, differences by relative age diminished and statistical significance decreased further.
At ages 5 6 years, differences by relative age in CBCL Total Problems scores are larger in the RCT data than in the cross-sectional data whereas regarding CHP assessed problems they were slightly larger in the cross-sectional data.
There was no significant difference between mothers CI score in the ODF group and fathers CI score in the OMED group, indicating no difference in relative age of onset of diabetes in the opposite parent.
These four journals were selected because they represent a difference in relative age, their perceived stature or authority in STEM, and for the salience of information regarding OPR on their respective websites.
This difference could not be accounted for by a difference in the "relative age" of the animals, as eye lens weight was included as a covariate.
As season of birth has previously been associated with sports performance, possibly because of differences in relative age [22], birth season was categorised into three ordinal groups based on the school calendar, classifying date of birth into three seasons: 1) Spring (January to April) n = 2,651, 2) Summer (May to August) n = 3,031 and 3) Autumn (September to December) n = 2,661.
