And so, rather than a resource, the commons is a process, a set of social relations by which a group of people share responsibility for, yes, a garden or even the governance of their neighbourhood.
Decades of poaching and culling and habitat loss, they claim, have so disrupted the intricate web of familial and societal relations by which young elephants have traditionally been raised in the wild, and by which established elephant herds are governed, that what we are now witnessing is nothing less than a precipitous collapse of elephant culture.
Adaptive temporal causal network models are based on causal relations by which the states in the network change over time, and these causal relations are adaptive in the sense that they themselves also change over time.
We anticipate that our model will provide insight into causal relations by which molecular mechanisms determine the timeline and severity of axon damage after a physical impact to the brain.
In order for the deduction to go through one must take into account the relations by which the simpler systems are constituted into the more complex system, and there is no a priori reason for assuming that a given relational structure will yield one sort of law for the complex system rather than another.
Hence, all practical philosophy can and should do is to "correctly present the object, [in such a way] as to be perfectly grasped", that object being relations of the will (SW II: 334); thus, as figured bass presents a theory of beautiful tonal relations, practical philosophy seeks the "whole set of relations by which the will becomes the object of praise or blame" (SW IX: 329: n.*).*
This study can by no means disentangle the web of causal relations by which parents with symptoms of BPD, ASPD and NPD transmit behavioral and emotional problems in their preschool-aged children.
Subordinates' perceptions of a leader are important as they reveal information about how subordinates perceive the behaviours of the leader and the causal relations by which these perceptions translate into the mental health outcomes of the subordinate.
"To struggle-with would involve building relations with others by which we may come to know the world and understand one another, that is the project of building knowing communities" (Pohlhaus 2002, 292).
