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The type of mutation is sequence-dependent with a larger proportion of mutations occurring in reiterated sequences.
The importance of M1dG adducts in carcinogenesis is emphasized by their ability to induce base pair mutations and cause frameshift mutations in reiterated sequences (VanderVeen et al. 2003).
Endogenous retrovirus-like elements (ERV-Ls, primed with tRNA leucine) are a diverse group of reiterated sequences related to foamy viruses and widely distributed among mammals.
CGH may also struggle to detect low-level changes and changes in heterogeneous samples, e.g. primary cancers containing normal stromal cells, and it is affected by low-copy reiterated sequences, including gene paralogues (for a full review, see [108]).
The variations for any one kind of DNA in the fraction forming networks are presumably due in part to random nicking of the DNA with production of fragments containing insufficient reiterated sequences.
As noted before, maternal gDMRs are CpG islands and associated with promoters; the three known paternal gDMRs are CG-rich elements enriched in reiterated sequences and intergenic in location (Schulz et al., 2010).
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Furthermore, the reiterated sequence parts display similarity to antigens from other species.
The reiterated sequence is sufficiently homogeneous to permit its use as a probe for a site specific in DNA damage.
A part of the reiterated sequence (89 bp) specific to the rye genome was cloned by the genome subtraction technique, which deducts the sequence in common with bread wheat from the rye genome [ 20].
Mutations were induced at a frequency of 2%, and M1dG → T predominated over M1dG → A; frameshifts occurred but only when the lesion was located in a reiterated sequence context.
These results strongly suggest that reiterated sequence motifs in proteins are involved in important biological processes and the tempo and mode of their evolution are constrained by their functional roles.
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CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com