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Discriminative and reinforcing stimulus effects of nicotine, cocaine, and cocaine + nicotine combinations in rhesus monkeys.
Neuroscience describes inside-the-box mechanisms that permit today's reinforcing stimulus to affect tomorrow's behavior.
Being petted is likely a naturally occurring reinforcing stimulus for dogs, whereas praise alone isn't effective and may need to be paired with petting or food.
What this means is that there is a presentation of a request or demand (a discriminative stimulus), a response from the client following the demand, and the presentation of a reinforcing stimulus.
No reinforcing stimulus was associated with either of the chambers during this phase.
This provides evidence that increasing DA neuron activity could be sufficient to drive this behavioral response, and so represents a reinforcing stimulus [40], [41].
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The results are consistent with the notion that the AcbC is involved in delay discounting, whereas the OPFC may contribute to the computation of reinforcer value based on multiple features of reinforcing stimuli, including both the sizes and the delays of reinforcers [37,41].
As with gestational MeHg exposure, the effects are reflected in the impact of reinforcing stimuli.
For other innately reinforcing stimuli, including some drugs of abuse, circuitry within the basolateral complex likely also contributes to emotional responses.
Yes, these apps can be a little much, but sometimes humans need negative reinforcing stimuli to actually enforce change.
It will be important to test this model with other negative reinforcing stimuli, such as bad taste or nausea [97].
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