The neck was strengthened, with robust vertebrae, interlocking ribs and ossified tendons, as well as reinforced muscle attachment sites on the vertebrae and the back of the skull.
But meanwhile textiles are used to reinforce muscle plates of the diaphragm or the pelvic floor in areas that are suspected to put considerable mechanical stress on the textile implants [ 6, 7].
The transverse abdominis muscle was plicated and fixed on iliac crest periosteum to reinforce weakened muscle layer.
The ADM reinforces the muscle and also provides supplemental tissue to the space between the released muscle and the inframammary fold.
The use of ADM to reinforce the muscle and to provide an increased area of coverage in the inferior pole of the breast led to promising improvements in these reconstructive challenges [ 9, 33, 35, 38].
These data suggest a model whereby miR-1 and miR-133a cooperate to repress smooth muscle gene transcription in the heart by repressing smMyocd and Srf, respectively, thereby reinforcing the striated muscle phenotype.
"Pilates can be recommended as an effective method to reinforce the muscles of the abdominal wall and to compensate pre-existing asymmetric developments," the authors said.
With 60% prestrain of the reinforcing polymer artificial muscles (8% volume fraction), over 60% of healing efficiency was achieved at free boundary condition and 54% at fixed boundary condition after repeated damage-healing events.
One procedure, known as Nissen fundoplication, involves reinforcing the lower esophageal muscle by wrapping the stomach muscle around it.
If the protein degradation systems are overloaded (perhaps failing to cope because of genetic predisposition, particular HLA class I subtypes or ageing), amyloid and other protein deposits may appear within muscle fibres, reinforcing the myopathy in a vicious circle, which is clinically manifest as progressive muscle weakness.
