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The motivation of the study is to investigate the reinforcing potential of an invasive weed species (water hyacinth) for subgrade reinforcement and juxtapose its reinforcing efficacy with that of the conventionally used coir and jute fibers.
Since, according to MPR, a yields a numerical index of the value of the food reinforcer, the present results provide quantitative confirmation of evidence from previous studies which indicated that destruction of the STN may enhance the reinforcing efficacy of positive reinforcers [10,47 49].
Additionally, mice with a genetic deletion of presynaptic D2 autoreceptors show increased reinforcing efficacy of food, suggesting that decreased autoreceptor regulation augments reward and reinforcement for both natural and drug rewards.
The lack of A2A adenosine receptors diminishes the reinforcing efficacy of cocaine.
In other words, the rated reinforcing efficacy of a psychostimulant drug was directly linked to severity of problem gambling.
Richardson, N.R. & Roberts, D.C.S. Progressive ratio schedules in drug self-administration studies in rats: a method to evaluate reinforcing efficacy.
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Activities of this type provide obvious practical benefits, but also should also serve to reinforce efficacy beliefs as well as allowing older adults to better emotionally adapt to cessation.
The latest changes were made only after Italy's president, Giorgio Napolitano, stretched his prerogatives to the limit by demanding additions to the budget "capable of reinforcing its efficacy and credibility".
Thus, we selected adjuvant chemotherapy rather than surgery alone as the control arm and aimed to focus on reinforcing its efficacy in this trial.
However, this method to establish demand curves as estimates of reinforcer efficacy is time consuming and limits the number of reinforcers that can be tested.
However, the present data also suggest that DNMTP choice accuracy deficits observed previously cannot be attributed to a galanin-induced change in reinforcer efficacy.
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