Sentence examples for reinforcement principal from inspiring English sources

In this paper, the failure mode, hysteresis loop, strain of steel reinforcement, principal strain of concrete, energy dissipation capacity, skeleton curve, deterioration of stiffness and ductility factor of RAC beams and natural aggregate concrete (NAC) beams under cyclic torsion were compared and investigated.

Evaporation of Mg from the front and reaction of Mg with the reinforcement are the principal causes for depletion.

The proposed method evaluates the load-carrying capacity as limited by the failure modes associated with nodal crushing, yielding of the longitudinal principal reinforcement, as well as crushing or splitting of the diagonal strut.

Premature failure modes, such as anchorage failure of principal reinforcement and bearing failure under loading plate, would be avoided by correctly designing the corbel details (ACI Committee 318 2011).

Several possible failure modes of corbels have been identified from past experimental testing, including shearing along the interface between the column and the corbel, yielding of the principal reinforcement and crushing or splitting of the compression strut (Russo et al. 2006).

The failure modes associated with nodal crushing, yielding of the principal tensile reinforcement, and crushing or splitting of the diagonal strut were used to evaluate the ultimate load-carrying capacity of the corbels.

Compared with two-dimensional conditions, the three-dimensional effect results in less mobilization of reinforcement stress in the principal direction and reduces the amount of lateral deformation developed within the structure.

The corbel is loaded by the vertical force V cv applied at the distance a v from the column face and it is assumed that the horizontal outward load, N u, is directly applied at the centroid of the principal tensile reinforcement and the effect of shifting is neglected for simplicity (Hwang et al. 2000b).

The predicted strength employed in the proposed analysis method is the minimum value of the nominal strengths computed from the different failure modes, which are crushing of the horizontal and diagonal concrete strut, crushing of the compression zone, and yielding of principal tensile reinforcement.

From the literature review, only the tests performed by Low and Moehle (1987; two columns) and by Chang (2010a; two columns) refer to rectangular cross-sections with different dimensions and amount of longitudinal reinforcement in the two principal directions, leading to different characteristics in terms of stiffness and strength.

Instead, two strut-and-tie models for a double-sided corbel and a single corbel projected from a column shown in Fig. 5, are proposed and it is assumed corbel failure is due to either crushing of the horizontal and diagonal concrete strut, crushing of the compression zone, or yielding of principal tensile reinforcement, similar to that assumed in the proposed strut-and-tie based method.