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The results showed that the FHWA analytical method is 1.5 2.5 times higher than those predicted by the FE analysis, depending on the loading condition and reinforcement location.
The axial reinforcement force predicted by FHWA (Adams et al., 2011b) design methods were 1.5 2.5 times higher than those predicted by the FE analysis and the field measurements, depending on the loading condition and reinforcement location.
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The proposed method is applied to 3-story RC frand and the optimal retrofit schemes that suggest the reinforcement locations and the number of FRP reinforcement plies are obtained.
Although existing RC columns are vulnerable to shear failure because of insufficient transverse reinforcement and deficient seismic details, little research exists on the reinforcement locations and FRP reinforcement level required to prevent column shear failure.
However, because the concrete surface at the support location is the area that directly contacts the de-icing salts, which are the sources of chloride, the top reinforcement at support location should consider the serious influence of corrosion damage.
The top reinforcement at the critical support locations, as determined using the deterministic design procedures based on ODOT's standard practice, for predicting of probability of failure is analyzed.
a Reinforcement stress.b Location of stress.
Parameters varied were slab depth, amount of reinforcement, and location of reinforcement.
The studied parameters include: the frequency and amplitude of ground motion; the stiffness and strength of the geosynthetic reinforcement, the location of the reinforcement within the backfill material and the thickness of the backfill material.
The design details of flexural reinforcement and concrete cover at the support locations are listed in Table 4.
Open image in new window Fig. 5 Reinforcement layout and location of strain gauges.
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