Egg and sperm proteins may be engaged in an arms race driven by several processes, from sexual conflict and sperm competition to reinforcement, frequency-dependent selection, as well as ecological pressures [ 9], contributing to the build-up of post-mating prezygotic barriers and divergence leading to speciation.
The hydrodynamic reinforcement is frequency independent and dominates at high frequency.
These results suggest that mice selectively reduced variability in the behavioral domains where variability affected the probability of reinforcement (sequence frequency), but not in domains where variability did not change this probability (sequence duration).
Positive reinforcement increases the frequency of a behavior in the future, whereas, negative reinforcement decreases the frequency of future occurrences of the behavior.
Twelve low-rise shear walls, with the same aspect ratio of 0.4 but with different structural parameters including the design frequency, reinforcement ratio and normal force, have been submitted to pseudo-dynamic (PSD) tests conducted at the ELSA laboratory of the Joint Research Centre.
In computational models of reinforcement learning, loss frequency affects action selection [ 60].
In Canada, the proposed reinforcement of the CSO frequency regulations will result in new constraints on municipal development.
The influence of un-grouted rope reinforcement on the fundamental frequency, damping ratio, induced accelerations, top relative displacement, base shear, overturning moment and block uplift is investigated.
These pioneer behavior studies with the concurrent schedules of reinforcement have displayed the frequency effect for choice pattern [ 45- 49].
The frequency of reinforcement of EBM and the impact of EBM on clinical care was by resident and faculty report and may have been biased.
