The statistical analysis reveals that the common parameters including ground motion intensity, longitudinal reinforcement ratio, column diameter, number of columns per bent, column height, span length, and concrete compressive strength significantly influence the response of the three studied irregular bridges.
center-to-center spacing of tie reinforcement along column height.
Examined parameters for joint shear behaviour were grouped by material property, joint panel geometry, reinforcement confinement, column axial load, and reinforcement bond condition.
Tie spacing, concrete and steel properties, amount of reinforcement and column height are factors (or parameters) that can affect the performance of bridge piers under lateral loads.
However, the drift capacity of specimens varied with respect to the existence of lap splices and the spacing of lateral reinforcement at column ends.
The FE-calculations were carried out with a different characteristic length of micro-structure, reinforcement ratio, column slenderness, load eccentricity, distribution of the tensile strength, bond-slip between concrete and reinforcement and fracture energy.
Since the investigation showed positive correlations between joint shear strength and both transverse reinforcement and column axial force, the effects of those parameters are included in the new estimation model.
The study is performed on columns of different cross-sections to investigate the effect of eight parameters, namely the thermal boundary conditions, grades of concrete, grades of steel, types of aggregate, distribution of reinforcement on column faces, concrete cover, load eccentricity and support conditions.
Following the analysis of refurbishment projects, it has been concluded that the common denominator in many reinforced columns was the lack of justification of the calculation of the column reinforcement, or even the load transmission between the existing structure and this new reinforcement.
