When a memory is reinforced, scientists believe, the synapses that encode the memory are strengthened.
On the other hand, scientists' prior beliefs, whether or not they are based on accurate information, introduce an element of arbitrariness and subjectivity in research, and by reinforcing scientists' expectations might also increase their confirmation bias [55].
As someone who has challenged the sustainability claims made by the palm oil industry, the forest fires this week reinforces what scientists have said about palm oil.
Researchers might then be able to address whether students' naïve views are a result of acculturation to a context reinforced by scientists holding similarly naïve views (Wong and Hodson, 2009) or result from a lack of understanding in general.
These computer simulations done by rocket scientists ultimately reinforce this same point: a single individual's vote doesn't count statistically in presidential elections.
About two-thirds of the websites used information that they represented as scientific evidence, but in fact was not, to support their claims that vaccines are dangerous, and about one-third used people's anecdotes to reinforce those claims, the scientists found.
Dr. Foote said studies by other scientists reinforced the team's findings.
The paucity of role models for female scientists reinforces the stereotype of science as the preserve of middle-aged bearded men in white coats.
The extreme weather, Mr. Inhofe said by e-mail, reinforced doubts about scientists' conclusion that global warming was "unequivocal" and most likely caused by human activity.
The severity of human impact was reinforced last week when scientists concluded that seven commercially important species, including marlin, mackerel and three tuna species, were either vulnerable to extinction, endangered or critically endangered according to I.U.C.N. standards.
Such is the case that we scientists need to reinforce in the austere times that we face.
