Richard Williams, a conservative scholar, raised several questions about the suitability of relying on the Regulatory Quality Index.
In the United States, meanwhile, the World Bank reports marked declines since 2000 in the control of corruption, regulatory quality, accountability and government effectiveness.
Even if a consensus existed on precisely what the regulatory quality index measured, converting a soft concept into a hard number raises other concerns.
And to measure the amount of regulation, the Crains turned to a global index of "regulatory quality" devised by researchers at the World Bank and the Brookings Institution — and here is where the controversy begins.
For example, the Netherlands and Scandinavia had higher scores on the regulatory quality index than the United States in 2008, and, as the Economic Policy Institute noted dryly, these are "countries not typically associated with a lack of regulation".
The ADB uses data compiled by the World Bank to rate Indonesia, Malaysia, the Philippines, South Korea and Thailand relative to the rest of the world on six measures of governance: accountability, political stability, government effectiveness, regulatory quality, the rule of law and control of corruption.
Spontaneous reports could act as a useful complement to regulatory quality-control channels in identifying adverse reactions related to these products.
One of the biggest obstacles in provision of quality-assured pharmaceuticals is the lack of effective manufacturing, regulatory, and quality processing in India and China.
Aside from regulatory controls, quality can be promoted via voluntary codes, though some such codes may set a low quality bar [ 71].
Regulatory and quality constraints In certain industries, such as pharmaceutical and medical devices, internal or external regulatory and/or quality standards may restrict the adoption of new technology.
It is the intention of the reform agenda to investigate ways to streamline both the regulatory and quality assurance systems to create a single national standard that addresses both structural and process elements of quality.
