Trabucchi et al. [6] suggested that KSRP is a key regulator of the processing of a sizeable subset of miRNA precursors (miR-1, miR-15, miR-16, miR-20a, miR-21, miR-26b, miR-27b, miR-106a, miR-125, miR-196, miR-206 and let-7) on the basis of its high-affinity binding to their terminal loop.
Various studies focusing on Dicer and/or Drosha have confirmed this theory and revealed that these two regulators of the miRNA processing pathway play either a positive or a negative role in tumor transformation.
The major histocompatibility complex II-associated invariant chain (Ii or CD74), a known regulator of antigen processing, negatively regulates DC motility in vivo [22].
The conditional deletion of Dicer, a master regulator of miRNA processing, induces neurodegeneration accompanied by hyperphosphorylation of tau in the adult mouse forebrain and the hippocampus [ 63].
The relatively synchronous development of the first wave of spermatogenesis should allow detection of such regulation during the shift in the germ cell compartment from a mitotic to meiotic state and be favorable to purification of the processing regulator.
However, even a subtle decrease in PLD3 expression and function could cause production of greater amounts of amyloidogenic species of Aβ, in view of the evidence that PLD3 acts as a negative regulator of APP processing [ 5].
An alternative explanation for increased polyadenylation with the DSE mutation is based on the report from mammalian systems that the DSE can act as a binding site for a negative regulator of mRNA 3' processing and polyadenylation [52].
Like raver-2, Hnrnpr protein belongs to the subfamily of ubiquitously expressed heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoproteins and interacts with the telomeric protein, survival of motor neuron 1 (SMN1), which is a regulator of RNA processing (51).
These findings reveal CA2 as a regulator of network processing in hippocampus and suggest that CA2-mediated inhibition in CA3 plays a key role in establishing the dynamic excitatory and inhibitory balance required for proper network function.
CD74 molecule, a major histocompatibility complex class II-associated invariant chain, is a known regulator of antigen processing and also plays a role in cell motility [17].
Astrocytes produce large amounts of secretory leukocyte protease inhibitor, a negative regulator of proteolytic processing of PGRN, in response to proinflammatory stimuli [ 28].
