In this report we ask whether frog oocytes, used in the early studies of gene regulation to define core promoter elements such as the TATA box, would be useful for characterizing germ cell promoter architecture and regulation [10] [12].
We ultimately combined putative and novel Pax8 binding sites with actual target gene expression regulation to define Pax8-dependent genes.
In the absence of this core foundational support from professional institutions, it is therefore perhaps unsurprising that the practitioners in this study looked to external regulation to define their roles in the Australian health care system.
This sucrose-independent regulation appeared to define the basal level of the SSG expression; these SSG levels increased further in a sucrose-dependent manner (Fig. 4a).
Amongst the regulation helping to define patient entitlement to services are NSFs, NICE guidance, waiting time guarantees, fee schedules, and incentive schemes.
The jurisdictional fields of technology, knowledge and productiveness that regulation attempts to define can usefully be conceptualised as 'zones' (following Barry [ 93, 94]).
Approaches that use these data to reconstruct the network of genetic regulation and to define its parameters include approaches that use Bayesian networks [ 17- 20] and ones based on mutual information [ 21, 22].
These approaches look for predefined pathways (or gene sets) that are enriched for genes with highly changed transcription (or translation), usually using a two-fold up- or down-regulation cutoff to define these highly changed genes.
It was also noted that of the five genes chosen as representative of multi-tissue age-regulated down-regulation and used to define the rodent common program of growth deceleration [ 23], IGF2BP3, SOX4 and MEST were present in the 688 age-related genes (Additional file 1: Table S2) and PEG3 and IGF2 were not tested for in this study.
