Topics: physiology of respiration, circulation, energy metabolism, thermal regulation, osmotic regulation, muscle physiology, and locomotion.
Many of these genes have previously been linked with blood circulation, heart rate regulation, muscle development and contraction, and neural function, including learning ability.
Pathways and processes specifically affected by Clo are energy metabolism and its regulation, muscle contraction, actin filaments, skeletal muscle development and regulation of cytoskeleton rearrangement (Additional file 1, Figure S7 A and B).
Blood, respiration, the nervous system, hormonal regulation, muscles and bones, the cardiovascular system, reproduction, sexuality -- drugs are available to nudge them all in one direction or the other.
Even though some fold-changes appeared relatively small, there were parallel changes of several components in each pathway or biological process, suggesting some important coordinated and specific regulations.>> Muscle contraction is generated by an interaction between the molecular motor myosin and filamentous actin.
These gene regulations increased muscle hypoxia.
The majority of the downregulated genes were associated with regulation of metabolism, myogenesis, or regulation of muscle development and transport (Fig. 3).
IL6 is a pleiotropic cytokine that can contribute to the positive regulation of muscle homeostasis under physiological conditions and to the negative regulation of the muscle phenotype under some pathological circumstances (Fuster and Walsh, 2014, Munoz-Canoves et al., 2013).
Regulation of muscle mass is under the control of a multitude of regulators related to both anabolic and catabolic processes.
Role of glucocorticoids in the molecular regulation of muscle wasting.
Johnston, A. P. et al. Regulation of muscle satellite cell activation and chemotaxis by angiotensin II.
