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Considerable debate has focused on the relative importance of transcriptional versus post-transcriptional processes in the regulation of transcript levels.
In summary, our study strengthens the hypothesis that the control of gene expression during preimplantation development is not solely contributed by changes in gene transcription but relies on the regulation of transcript stability and translation [44].
Thus, our findings are consistent with a model in which TDP-43 regulates nerve transmission, process outgrowth, and synaptic homeostasis by regulation of transcript abundance and alternative splicing of key genes in important signaling pathways, including Wnt and TGF-beta.
While regulatory functions for the newly discovered sRNAs have yet to be shown, the observation that many show growth phase-dependent regulation of transcript abundance is consistent with these sRNAs potentially regulating expression in a growth phase-dependent manner.
Coincident increases (or decreases) in mRNA transcription and in mRNA stability can magnify signals, whereas discordant transcription and mRNA stability enforces precise temporal or developmental regulation of transcript levels.
Understanding the functional roles of RNA cis-regulatory elements is essential for decoding complex programs that underlie the dynamic regulation of transcript stability, splicing, localization, and translation.
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To test whether Ago2 induces a general down-regulation of transcript levels during oogenesis, QT-PCR was used to detect the levels of another transcript, rp49, which codes for ribosomal protein RpL32.
Genes that met these parameters were included in the E-dependent DEG list and colour coded with blue representing down-regulation and red representing up-regulation of transcript when comparing KO samples to WT samples.
Though expression of a small number of collagen genes decreased over time, or remained level (Figure 11A, B), a majority of these genes displayed co-ordinate up-regulation of transcript levels in the three prominences (Figure 11C and Figure S4).
Up-regulation of transcript 17705 is specific to maize, and this was validated by qPCR.
Antimycin A treatment also causes an up-regulation of transcript levels of an aox gene in tobacco cell suspensions and in Arabidopsis thaliana leaves [ 16, 17].
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