TFA i (t j ) and CS ij are estimated using the regulation (indicator) matrix (equation 3), the gene expression data and the Expectation-Maximization (EM) algorithm with an epsilon = 1 × 10-6 for conversion.
To this end, we use an example of labour market regulations' indicators developed by the World Economic Forum, the International Institute for Management Development (IMD), and the Fraser Institute, which are all partly based on the World Bank Employing Workers Indicator.
In the second step, the self-regulation indicators (at T0) will be entered simultaneously as independent variables.
In the third step, interaction terms between the moderators (at T0) and (the most important) self-regulation indicators will be computed and added to the model.
Overall, our descriptive results match the trends described by traditional indicators of EPL, including the OECD indicator and the Cambridge University Centre for Business Research's Labour Regulation Index (CB-LRI) indicator (ILO 2015a).
Labour regulations and unemployment legislation are measured by Executive Opinion Survey questions; Redundancy Costs from EWI WB No separate labour regulations indicator, but these questions are used to construct a broader Business Efficiency index.
Employment regulations Indicator variable for whether the worker receives paid vacations, annual extra monthly wage, paid sick days, earns the minimum wage or more, and works no more than the legislated maximum of weekly hours.
Table 11 Variables definition and sources of data Variables Definition Social security regulations Indicator variable for whether the worker receives contributions to the pension system and the health insurance system.
The section "The proposed RS measure is a good co-regulation indicator" shows that the proposed RS is a good co-regulation index over the five competitors.
The experimental results show that the proposed RS measure is the best co-regulation indicator among the six compared RS measures.
