Thus, even slight changes in systemic and cellular oxygen concentrations induce a tightly regulated machinery of short-acting and long-acting response pathways to keep the supply of oxygen within the physiological range.
Much later, the industrial revolution brought a need for methods and systems to regulate machinery, for example the speed of a steam engine.
The mechanism required for this type of transport involves a complex and specifically regulated machinery that allows budding of vesicles from a donor compartment, followed by their translocation to their target, to which they have to dock and then fuse.
Business interests favored "both the general trade-regulating machinery of the NRA and the more specific legislative programs designed to deal with particular conditions," as Butler Shaffer shows in his book, In Restraint of Trade: The Business Campaign Against Competition, 1918-1938.
In June 1946 the control agreement of July 1945 regulating the machinery of Allied political supervision was modified by restricting Allied interference essentially to constitutional matters.
On the other hand, miRNA families like amg-miR396, amg-miR160 and amg-miR167 with transcription factor targets might play a less important role in regulating the machinery of lignin biosynthetic pathway in A. mangium (Additional file 1).
Our results indicate that the mechanisms responsible for the stimulatory effect of Arg on protein accretion in IPEC-1 cells involve activation of cell signaling pathways that regulate the machinery of intracellular protein turnover.
Given the low genotoxic activity, arsenite is thought to exert its carcinogenic effect mainly through inducing activation of signal pathways, which thereby affects the expression of genes involved in regulating the machineries of the cell cycle and apoptosis (Huang et al. 2004; Pi et al. 2005; Rossman 2003; Yang and Frenkel 2002).
Similarly, phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitors delay tumor progression by decreasing Arg1 and iNOS expression and by regulating the suppressive machinery of MDSCs [ 40].
As a class of non-coding genes, small non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) play an essential role in regulating the molecular machinery of eukaryotic cells by controlling transcriptional and post-transcriptional mechanisms [ 3].
