Centrosomes are the key regulating element of cell cycle progression.
PIA is composed of a beta-1,6-N-acetylglucosamine polymer synthesized by an enzyme codified by the ica operon found on the bacterial chromosome, that includes a regulating element of four genes (A, B, C, and D), and a transposable element, IS256 [ 11].
These strategies, which rely on the use of regulating elements, include management of part whole relationships, design hierarchy, topology geometry relationships, scaffolding the design process, structuring ill-structured problems, and the restructuring of problem parameters.
Indeed, the AhR is involved in cell cycle regulation (through interaction with c- myc, p53 Rb and other cycle regulating elements), in induction of phase II metabolizing enzymes, in antioxidant response, and in induction of pro-apoptotic or anti-apoptotic genes (reviewed in [ 52]).
Therefore, much attention has been given to the regulating elements and pathways of stomach development, especially pylorus and pyloric sphincter development.
PDTC, which inhibits the binding of NF-κB dimers to κB regulating elements in the DNA, blocks the synthesis of melatonin by the cerebellum.
The potential of microRNA regulation on lncRNAs can be further realized by better understanding of intragenic lncRNA regulating elements.
Neither of these genes might actually be a target of hsa-miR-641; there may also exist stronger regulating elements that control their expression, or the primary mode of silencing in that specific situation may be through translational repression.
However, during development of the lungs, expression of Tbx3 in the lung mesenchyme has been found to require additional regulating elements (Horsthuis et al., 2009).
Reporter 3xGRAS-luc (GRAS: GnRH Receptor Activating Sequence) is a synthetic reporter, containing three repeats of a composite regulating element (overlapping AP1, Smad3 and Foxl2 binding sites) which is found in the murine promoter of the GnRH Receptor (GnRHR) and seems to contribute to the regulation of its expression in pituitary gonadotrope cells [29].
