We found that early pupal genes expressed in association with proximal-distal wing pattern sections were enriched for morphogenesis and transcriptional regulation functions, which was consistent with our expectation of finding genes involved in regulating development.
Several critical genes regulating development of the three emryonic germ layers were expressed higher in the Clock knockout mESCs, which exhibited accelerated spontaneous differentiation in vitro.
This series of proof-of-principle experiments indicate that in vivo CRISPR-mediated cell genome engineering is an effective method to achieve gene loss-of-function in the tissues of the chicken embryo and it completes the growing genetic toolbox to study the molecular mechanisms regulating development in this important animal model.
In Streptomyces, the oligopeptide transport system, Opp imports an oligopeptide that is likely involved in regulating development [30].
Hedgehog (Hh) signaling is crucial for the generation and maintenance of both embryonic and adult stem cells, thereby regulating development and tissue homeostasis.
Approximately 500 miRNA genes have been identified in the human genome, which are involved in regulating development, differentiation, apoptosis and proliferation [1], [2].
Molecular mechanisms regulating development of the latter have been extensively studied [4]; however, little is known about the molecular events and mechanisms of swimbladder development in fish.
Glycocalyx components, especially heparan sulfate proteoglycans (HSPGs), have been shown to play important roles in cellular recognition and signaling, cell growth, adhesion, spreading, and migration, regulating development, tumorigenesis, and vasculogenesis [22] [25].
Juvenile hormone (JH) esterase (JHE) is involved in the degradation of JH, a key hormone regulating development, metamorphosis and reproduction in insects [12] and is one of the few insect esterases other than acetylcholinesterases to have a clearly defined substrate.
In zebrafish, another key player regulating development along the LR axis is the zinc-finger like transcription factor Dmrt2a/Terra, that belongs to the Dmrt (Doublesex (dsx) and Mab-3 Related Transcription Factor) family.
