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Macroautophagy (herein referred to as 'autophagy') involves the highly regulated sequestration of cytoplasmic organelles or bulk portions of cytosol inside two-membraned vesicules, named autophagosomes, which eventually fuse with lysosomes for the degradation of their inner autophagosome membrane and luminal content.
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A well-studied means by which NPCs exert far-reaching control is through regulated sequestration.
Our model predicts that an oxygen-regulated sequestration of FIH by ARD proteins significantly shapes the input/output characteristics of the HIF system.
Our results confirm this concept and show that the endocytic adaptor Dab2 regulates the sequestration of LRP6 towards clathrin-mediated endocytosis.
Evidence suggests that processing of the inactive precursor miRNA into the mature, active form by Dicer may be, in part, regulated by the sequestration of the precursor form, typically in the nucleus.
More recently, the NPxY motif-containing protein Opo was shown to regulate epithelial morphogenesis by regulating integrin endocytosis through sequestration of Numb or NumbL.
The C-terminal helix of VPS34 is critically involved in membrane interaction upon activation (Miller et al., 2010), and this raises the interesting speculation that VPS34 could be regulated via inter-subunit sequestration of the same helix.
Later, Francez-Charlot et al. [ 139] elucidated PhyR regulation using a transcriptomic analysis, showing that PhyR regulates gene expression though protein-protein interactions and that NepR negatively regulates PhyR by the sequestration of the ECF sigma factor.
Several proteins regulate inflammasome activity by sequestration of inflammasome components.
Although 14-3-3 is known to negatively regulate mitosis through cytoplasmic sequestration of Cdk1 and Cdc25C, this mechanism does not appear to be involved in the Vpr arrest.
Collectively, these results suggest that CG scaffold GAG content can be systematically manipulated to regulate the sequestration and resultant enhanced bioactivity of growth factor signals on cell behavior within the matrix.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com