To regulate this redundancy, we must consider the synergistic contribution redundancy of muscles, including "unmeasured" muscles, to approximating torques, which primarily causes redundancy of EDTE.
This might be an indicator, if this gene is truly cell cycle regulated, of the redundancy of this gene meaning it is not involved in an unique signaling path but occurs on a parallel pathway that is not used during every cell cycle.
The negatively regulated genes had functional redundancy by showing altered expression in more than one stress condition.
Microarray analysis indicated that this redundancy was tightly regulated in P. carbinolicus.
Importantly, however, EZH2β participates in the regulation of gene expression with a pattern that is not only shared but also distinct from that regulated by EZH2α, pointing to both redundancy and specialization within members of this HMT family of proteins.
Because the anti-apoptotic machinery can be regulated by several mechanisms in CSCs, this redundancy presents a challenging obstacle for the development of effective pro-apoptotic treatments [ 10].
Delineating miRNA function through knock-out and overexpression experiments in model organisms has had limited success, possibly because of functional redundancy among miRNAs or among gene pathways regulated by miRNAs [ 19].
It is known that ABCB1 can be regulated by several pathways in different conditions and that there is redundancy in this regulation [ 11].
Because lms and ap are co-expressed in developing LT muscles and mutations in both genes cause relatively mild LT muscle phenotypes, we generated ap, lms double mutant embryos to test whether the two genes exhibit partial functional redundancy in regulating LT muscle formation.
Sharpin or HOIL-1L deficiency partially suppress TNFR1-induced NF-κB activation, suggesting that these components show some degree of functional redundancy in regulating NF-κB signaling (Haas et al., 2009; Tokunaga et al., 2009; Gerlach et al., 2011; Ikeda et al., 2011; Tokunaga et al., 2011).
