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Among the up-regulated DEGs, 510 were commonly regulated by all treatments, 11 were uniquely regulated by low U, 27 were uniquely regulated by medium U and 9 were regulated by high U treatment.
The majority of transcripts with significant regulation in only two of the applied stress situations actually followed the same pattern: common down-regulation under low N and low temperature, but up-regulation under low P. Generally, 584, 245 and 239 transcripts were significantly regulated by low temperature and low P, low P and low N, or low N and low temperature respectively.
Among the down-regulated DEGs, 205 were commonly regulated by all treatments, no DEG was specifically regulated by low U, 9 were uniquely regulated by medium U and 9 were regulated by high U treatment.
While HIF-β is expressed constitutively, expression of HIF-α is directly regulated by low tissue pO2.
Interestingly, the two sets of flagellum systems were found to be inversely regulated by low temperature and high pressure (our unpublished microarray data).
The effects on yvcA promoter activity prompted us to investigate the effects of the degS S76D mutation on this and the other social behavioural traits pellicle formation and swarming that are regulated by low levels of DegU∼P.
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Identification of these genes, whose expression is commonly regulated by the low fluid shear environment of spaceflight, provides key targets whose expression can be manipulated to control microbial responses, including potential use for development of vaccines and therapeutics.
Of equal interest, however, is the set of 50 genes regulated by the low NH4+ treatment that were not similarly regulated by the high NH4+ treatment.
We also observed that myelin sheath number is regulated by a low level of retraction over the following two days of maturation and that after this time the myelin sheath repertoire of individual oligodendrocytes remains remarkably stable.
Differential expression and complementary function of AOX and UCP is reported in a variety of fruits, vegetables, and plant tissues, and may be regulated by ethylene, low temperature, and other factors [ 27, 31, 33- 357 58, 58] through different catalytic efficiencies under distinct physiological conditions [ 26].
Notably, metabolism of both apoE and Aβ42 are regulated by the low-density lipoprotein (LDL) receptor-related protein 1 (LRP1), a large endocytic receptor belonging to the LDL receptor family [15].
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