Tyrosine phosphorylation of dystroglycan, as is the case with many other adhesion receptors, is involved in regulating the connection to the cytoskeleton in this case via dystrophin or utrophin [7], [20] but not with some other binding partners such as caveolin [53], [54].
Kinetochores are essentially an elaborate 'towbar' that mediates and regulates the connection between microtubules and chromosomal DNA.
In vertebrate spinal cord, a semaphorin-plexin pathway regulates the connection specificity in the sensory motor circuit (Pecho-Vrieseling et al., 2009).
In neurons, where CME plays a critical role at both pre- and postsynaptic differentiations, second messenger signaling by PKA can directly influence postsynaptic glutamate receptor internalization by regulating the connection to the actin cytoskeleton via the Syne1 product CPG2.
The function of procollagen I in germ cells is associated with their ability to attach and detach from the basement membrane, and it seems that during spermatogenesis, procollagen I might be included in regulating the connection of these germ cells to the basement membrane inside the seminiferous tubules.
Moreover, Kif18A physically interacts with kinetochore fibrous corona components CENP-E and BubR1 during mitosis [ 6], consistent with its role in regulating the dynamic connections between kinetochore and spindle microtubules.
We show that ICAM-1 function is regulated by the connection of its C-terminal intracellular domain to downstream, cytoskeleton-regulating proteins myosin-II and the small GTPase Rac1, but not Src-like kinases.
Although such architecture is structurally stable, it appears to be flexible in its functioning, enabling long-range connections to regulate the information flow and facilitate communication among the relevant modules, depending on the contingent cognitive demands.
Their pattern of innervation of pyramidal cells is suited to control spiking pattern and their reciprocal and extensive connections could regulate the timing of activity in the cortical network [4], [27].
This is in sharp contrast to most other basidiomycetes, which have special adaptations such as clamp connections to regulate the number and kind of haploid nuclei to be precisely two per cell [ 16].
