According to dual route models of reading (e.g. [ 11]), the pronunciation of words can be retrieved in two different ways, depending on the frequency and regularity of a word.
Signals reporting pathway control ought not to reflect appreciably the effect of word regularity, since both regular and irregular words are thought to generate activations along both pathways obligatorily (Coltheart et al. 2001).
Also, regions reflecting pathway control should show minimal effects of word regularity, consistent with the dual route postulate that both regular and irregular words are processed along both pathways essentially obligatorily (Coltheart et al. 2001).
The model accounts for the primary behavioral effects reported by Balota et al. (2000) (a task-dependent lexicality effect and an impact of word regularity on the task reversal of the word frequency effect), while also constraining novel predictions regarding how control-related brain regions may interact with reading-related brain regions, as revealed by fMRI.
Among the most widely known regularities are the Zipf law of word frequency distributions [7], and the distribution of sentence lengths in a given corpus of texts [8].
The phonological route concatenates grapheme-to-phoneme mappings in a serial manner (Forster and Davis 1991) that is independent of word frequency and word regularity.
It is worth mentioning that the concept of translational regularity of global attractor, in other words, the global attractor being regular after a translation transformation, was introduced in our previous work [23].
He says parents are also able to customize whether they would want to put the child in a "supervised mode" — i.e. where both children and parents are alerted simultaneously — and on whether they would like to introduce custom blacklists of words and the regularity of notification to such terms.
For example, effects of word frequency are exaggerated and effects of spelling-to-sound regularity are reduced in the lexical decision task, relative to reading aloud.
This statistical regularity in word distributions is found across a wide range of languages [16], [18].
