Although the adverse events reported in our review are 'miscellaneous' ones, we think that these types of adverse events (occurring after a regular dose of extra-articular corticosteroid injections) can be divided in systemic adverse events and local adverse events.
Another roentgenogram twenty-three months after injury showed the changes in the body had remained practically stationary, but the articular surface was more regular in outline.
Data from animal models suggest that the magnitude and direction of the applied loads influence whether knee articular cartilage responds favorably to regular exercise [ 51].
The hydrogel supported cell adhesion, and encapsulated bovine articular chondrocytes were found to have regular spherical morphology, indicating the potential of this chemistry for tissue engineering applications.
Although the articular surface of the plug was smooth and regular, the plug had subsided a little.
Articular cartilage and bone health is dependent upon the regular provision of nutrients, and it has been suggested that diets deficient in nutrients may lead to arthropathy [ 3].
Indeed, optical characterization of articular cartilage during arthroscopy may be a feasible procedure by modifying a regular video arthroscope.
Intra-articular HA administration for patients with AC who are already receiving regular conventional therapies should be carefully evaluated to avoid unnecessary medical expenditure.
Regular exercise is considered an integral component of a healthy lifestyle; however, its effect on articular cartilage remains a subject of debate and speculation, as does the relationship of exercise to the development of OA [ 3].
In addition to physiotherapy, regular exercise and weight loss, pharmacological interventions are restricted to symptomatic relief with local (intra-articular) injections of corticosteroids and/or systemic administration of analgesics and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) (Berenbaum, 2008; Bijlsma et al., 2011).
