(ii) Region descriptors only based on regions mean information without considering region variance [33].
Indeed, the effective stoichiometry for ser31 (Fig. 2a), unlike ser40 or ser19 (Fig. 2b, 2c), had similar region-to-region variance as compared to differences in total DA content (Fig. 1a).
The between-hospital region variance and the between-municipality variance were somewhat similar, rendering MORs of 1.09 and 1.12, respectively.
The variances were significant in all models (p<0.05) and the between-hospital region variance and the between-municipality variance remained stable across models.
In these cases, to avoid artificially inflating the number of positive findings, we limited each gene to a single set of values, selecting those obtained for the probe showing the smallest intragroup (treatment, region) variance; the other values for that gene were used only to corroborate direction and magnitude of change.
Comparison of the human and rhesus monkey also revealed a peak in the PRYSPRY v1 region, variance similar to that observed among leporid genera (~0.20), although the average nucleotide differences are higher than between leporids (0.00-0.15 nucleotide replacements per site), which is consistent with the < 31 My divergence time between human and rhesus monkey [ 18, 31].
In our analysis, these sums of chromosome and region variances were smaller than the total genome-wide variance, indicating presence of negative covariances between the parts.
CNVs can directly influence gene expression through dosage effects where more copies of the gene produces greater expression, and also by altering the transcriptional regulation of the genome, both of the region of variance itself and regions up to 1 megabase away[18], [19], [20].
These regions of variance were thought to be rare and when the human genome was published, variance amongst humans was primarily attributed to base-pair level SNPs[13], [14].
These regions of variance were thought to be rare and when the human genome was published, variance amongst humans was primarily attributed to base-pair level single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) [ 4, 5].
