In some cholera endemic regions, outbreaks are periodic with one or two peaks per year.
In central Russia (Lipetsk, Voronezh, Orel regions), outbreaks were caused by a DOBV variant (DOBV-Aa) carried by Apodemus agrarius.
In Figure A1, we present the numbers of wild birds sampled per month for each of the 9 regions and outbreak data of subtype H5N1 in poultry flocks.
Most of these outbreaks occurred in California, where the percentage of outbreaks increased from 0 in 1986 to 167373%) of the 22 Western region outbreaks in 1999.
In the Northeast region, outbreaks decreased from 218181%) of 26 outbreaks in the United States in 1985 to 92020%) of 44 outbreaks in 1999.
In Maine, the governor forced a nurse who worked on a humanitarian mission in the Ebola outbreak region into quarantine--though she showed no signs of the disease.
A sporadic HA variant of note, E374K (residue 391 in HA propeptide), was observed in 8 Canadian viruses from 5 Canadian regions spanning outbreak weeks 17 to 36.
In the case of knowledge KAP, important factors that contribute to higher level of knowledge about bird flu symptoms are education level of household head, households headed by female, and households from regions where outbreaks occurred.
In the case of knowledge KAP, important factors that contribute to higher level of knowledge about HPAI symptoms are higher education level of household head, incidence of poultry disease in the past 5 years as they learn through experience, and households from regions where outbreaks occurred.
In the case of knowledge KAP, important factors that contribute to higher level of knowledge about bird flu symptoms are higher education level of household head (particularly for those producers with more than 13 years of education),incidence of poultry disease in the past 5 years, and households from regions where outbreaks occurred.
