The main theoretical advantage of humanisation was a further reduction in immunogenicity, although the selected V-region backbone was not always one that was used commonly by the natural human antibody repertoire [ 17].
The alternative placement of the pyridine ring to produce MW069a generated a key H-bonding interaction with the p38αMAPK hinge region backbone and allowed occupancy by the phenyl substituent of the nearby hydrophobic pocket (see PDB entry 4EWQ).
To investigate detailed tertiary structure stability, each parameter of SASA values such as the whole surface area, polar region, non-polar region, and backbone of protein, was calculated.
However, and this is the point of this work, water tightness may be achieved even in structured regions with backbone exposure to the solvent: The backbone-water hydrogen bond may not materialize if its formation requires that the cavity-penetrating water molecule relinquish a significant fraction of its coordination possibilities.
The cystine knot and the site of cyclization are conserved, but significant sequence variation occurs in the loop regions, the backbone segments between the disulfide bonds.
The implication was that the regions between backbone SNPs were far smaller and hence the number of candidate SNPs was dramatically smaller.
Many nucleotides that are within single-stranded regions display backbone flexibility and react with a normalized SHAPE value of approximately 0.7 1.
The 454 reads in the sff files from NA12716 and NA12760 were independently mapped by the GS Reference Mapper against the concatenated target regions as backbone with a minimum initial match of 92% and a minimal initial mapping length of 80 bp (target filtering).
In the non-conserved region the backbone geometry was copied.
The derived backbone regions, namely regions that are conserved in all these strains, were extracted from the output backbone file and were further aligned by MAFFT program (Katoh et al. 2009).
