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For analyses of regional ratios, similar models were developed without including total cerebral volume as a covariate.
However, when regional ratios were examined (regional volume/total cerebral volume), the African-American cohort exhibited greater ratios for the right amygdala and bilaterally for the OFC (Table 2).
Risk ratios were calculated to test for a significant difference in proportions between 2011 and 2020 regional ratios.
Considering projection data from only seven countries, practitioner-to-population ratios are expected to increase in more countries than they are expected to decrease (5 versus 2), but no change in the regional refractionist-to-population ratio is predicted between 2011 and 2020 20111 and 2020 projected regional ratios both 3.6, Table 2).
Finally, to assess whether ANC surveillance data could be adjusted to reflect national population surveys, we applied the median regional ratios in countries with generalized epidemics and the overall median ratio in countries with concentrated epidemics to a country's ANC-based prevalence estimates.
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When data is pooled across the sample, the regional ratio of ophthalmologists was 2.3 per million population.
The regional ratio of surgeries performed per surgeon in 2011 was 180 (country mean 235, country median 252, n = 21), with a minimum of 85 in Togo and a maximum of 483 in Malawi.
In 2006, the median CSR reported from 45 countries was 387 (mean 662, calculated using data available in [ 2], pooled data to calculate regional ratio not available), well below the suggested 2,000 target for year 2020, especially in Francophone and Lusophone countries.
Only seven countries employed OCOs.When data is pooled across the sample, the regional ratio of OCOs/nurses per million population was 5.5 (country mean 8.4, median 6.2, range 0.0 to 45.9), suggesting that sub-Saharan Africa as a whole may currently be only half way to the suggested 10.0 target, but there was a substantial range in suggested target performance between countries.
The combined regional ratio of all refractionists per million population was 3.7 (country mean 4.0, median 1.8, range 0.3 to 14.8), suggesting that sub-Saharan Africa as a whole was less than one quarter of the way to the suggested 20.0 global target in 2011.
One characteristic in Fig. 3 is that inter-regional ratios generally approached unity except in two regions (Iitate and Takahagi: both are mentioned later).
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