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Fig. 1 Regional path dependence model.
To sum up, the theory of path dependence outlines two stages of regional path evolution.
A regional path development leading towards a stable state situation results from reinforcement.
Firm type C and type B support regional path renewal either indirectly (firm C) or directly (firm B).
The regional path dependence approach argues that, once created, a new industry could take one of two directions.
The distinction between regional path formation in established industries and new industrial path creation is the degree of innovation novelty, where the question 'new to whom?' is essential.
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In the second phase new regional paths are created, while phase three is the early stage of path development resulting from increasing returns and network externalities.
My main argument has been that new firms contribute to either regional industrial path extension, regional industrial path renewal or regional new path creation, and I have argued that innovation novelty and entrepreneurial growth intentions are significant firm characteristics for predicting the potential firm specific contribution to regional industrial path development.
I have previously argued that a rich variety of actors within both RIS sub systems will fuel radical innovations (Boschma and Frenken, 2012; Fritsch, 2011; Isaksen and Trippl, 2016), but also that a new regional industry path could result from path formation in established industries (Tödtling and Trippl, 2013).
Either it contributes to reinforcing existing technologies and knowledge, to renewing the industry by bringing in new technology, networks or knowledge, or it contributes to regional industrial path creation by exploiting business opportunities new to the region and thereby introducing a potential new industry (Martin, 2010; Martin and Sunley, 2006; Tödtling and Trippl, 2013).
The new firm contributes to regional industrial path development in one of three ways.
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