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Failures regarding serviceability limit state criteria do occur.
Consequently, these pathologies raise severe problems regarding serviceability, sustainable operation and structural integrity.
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However, models and recommendations in design codes regarding the serviceability limit state are usually based on mean crack width.
The slab thickness is chosen as 191 mm to satisfy the code requirements regarding deflection serviceability and two-way shear strength.
These charts are useful to the designer to choose the option of a rigid wall with a reinforced backfill, considering the available foundation and to satisfy the codal provisions regarding the serviceability criteria of a rigid wall.
Regarding the serviceability limit state, i.e. when investigating the behaviour of masonry subjected to load levels up to 40-50% of the ultimate load, the applicability of the linear theory of elasticity is beyond dispute.
The presented case histories demon-strate the application of rock engineering in conjuction with special measures to achieve a safe structure regarding the serviceability requirements as well as an economic design regarding the total cost.
The main conclusions are that this strengthening technique is effective regarding ultimate and serviceability states and that it represents an advance in RC slab strengthening techniques.
For this reason, it is necessary to take into account the variability of soil properties which can significantly affect the bridge behavior regarding ultimate and serviceability limit states.
Regarding the special serviceability criteria for railway bridges, for computing the minimum depth of cover, the permissible settlement of the railway track and the buckling of the conduit walls in different sections along the longitudinal axis of the bridges in 3D analyses were controlled.
Design recommendations regarding the controllability of the serviceability state, the post-yielding state, the ultimate state, and the residual strength of SFRC joints through an appropriate design for the steel-to-FRP mixing ratio are drawn.
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